Search results for "Estimation methods"
showing 10 items of 15 documents
Comparison of Bayesian and numerical optimization-based diet estimation on herbivorous zooplankton
2020
Consumer diet estimation with biotracer-based mixing models provides valuable information about trophic interactions and the dynamics of complex ecosystems. Here, we assessed the performance of four Bayesian and three numerical optimization-based diet estimation methods for estimating the diet composition of herbivorous zooplankton using consumer fatty acid (FA) profiles and resource library consisting of the results of homogeneous diet feeding experiments. The method performance was evaluated in terms of absolute errors, central probability interval checks, the success in identifying the primary resource in the diet, and the ability to detect the absence of resources in the diet. Despite …
Regional income inequality in France 1860–1954: Methods and findings
2019
This paper explores regional (departement or NUTS3) income inequality in France between 1860 and 1954. To this end we first document the existing evidence, evaluate the estimation methods and findi...
How Do Cancer Registries in Europe Estimate Completeness of Registration?
2008
Summary Objectives: Several methods for estimating completeness in cancer registries have been proposed. Little is known about their relative merits. Before embarking on a systematic comparison of methods we wanted to know which indicators were currently in use and whether there had been comparative investigations of estimation methods. Methods: We performed a survey among European cancer registries asking which methods for estimating completeness they used and whether they had performed comparisons of methods. Results: One hundred and ninety-five European cancer registries were contacted after identification using membership directories of the European Network of Cancer Registries (ENCR) a…
Effect of inter-crystal scatter on estimation methods for random coincidences and subsequent correction.
2008
Random coincidences can contribute substantially to the background in positron emission tomography (PET). Several estimation methods are being used for correcting them. The goal of this study was to investigate the validity of techniques for random coincidence estimation, with various low-energy thresholds (LETs). Simulated singles list-mode data of the MADPET-II small animal PET scanner were used as input. The simulations have been performed using the GATE simulation toolkit. Several sources with different geometries have been employed. We evaluated the number of random events using three methods: delayed window (DW), singles rate (SR) and time histogram fitting (TH). Since the GATE simula…
Passenger Car Equivalents for Heavy Vehicles at Roundabouts. a Synthesis Review
2019
Passenger Car Equivalents (PCEs in the following) are used to transform a mixed fleet of vehicles into a fleet of equivalent passenger cars and to analyze capacity and level-of-service of roads and intersections. Most roundabouts guidelines propose constant values for PCEs but a single PCE value can result improper under heterogeneous traffic conditions. PCEs should be vary with traffic and road conditions and consequently PCEs applied to undersaturated traffic conditions can overestimate the heavy vehicle effect or be not sensitive to the traffic level or characteristics of heavy vehicles. Compared to other at-grade intersections, the interaction between the operational performances of the…
Results of a literature review on methods for estimating buildings energy demand at district level
2019
Abstract In the framework of distributed energy planning, evaluating reliable energy profiles of different sectors has a prominent role. At the same time, it is a quite challenging task, since the availability of actual energy profiles of buildings at the district level is not widespread. A survey of over 70 studies in scientific literature has been accomplished and a set of criteria has been defined for classifying the selected contributions based on the energy demand data features, source and/or estimation methods, highlighting the ones adopting hourly energy profiles. As final results, tables summarizing the main methods characteristics and a selection of studies providing directly useab…
Dynamic identification of a reinforced concrete frame in progressive states of damage
2006
Two, full size, reinforced concrete frames were put on a shaking table and underwent seismic excitations with increasing intensities. The aim of the reported experiment was to study changes in their dynamic, modal parameters due to development of cracks in concrete. Dynamic identification of these frames was carried out through diagnostic tests interlaced with the damaging excitations. This paper presents the results of their identification in various states of damage, using low level non-destructive damage estimation methods. A characteristic decrease of natural frequencies and an increase of structural damping was observed. The drop of the natural frequency was fastest for the 1st mode an…
Language Detection and Tracking in Multilingual Documents Using Weak Estimators
2010
Published version of an article from the book: Structural, Syntactic, and Statistical Pattern Recognition . The original publication is available at Spingerlink. http://dx.doi.org/DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14980-1_59 This paper deals with the extremely complicated problem of language detection and tracking in real-life electronic (for example, in Word-of-Mouth (WoM)) applications, where various segments of the text are written in different languages. The difficulties in solving the problem are many-fold. First of all, the analyst has no knowledge of when one language stops and when the next starts. Further, the features which one uses for any one language (for example, the n-grams) will not be…
Incentive and Selection Effects of Medigap Insurance on Inpatient Care
2012
The Medicare program, which provides insurance coverage to the elderly in the United States, does not protect them fully against high out-of-pocket costs. For this reason private supplementary insurance, named Medigap, has been available to cover Medicare gaps. This paper studies how Medigap affects the utilization of inpatient care, separating the incentive and selection effects of supplementary insurance. For this purpose, we use two alternative estimation methods: a standard recursive bivariate probit and a discrete multivariate finite mixture model. We find that estimated incentive effects are modest and quite similar across models. On the other hand, there seems to be very significant …
Skill Biased Technical Change and Misallocation: A Unified Framework
2019
Due to strict reliance on competitive labor markets, standard approaches which measure skill biased technical change (SBTC) conflate labor market distortions which prevent firms from choosing the efficient ratio between skilled and unskilled labor and `true' SBTC. This contrasts with recent evidence on decoupling between wages and productivity. To overcome this limitation, we present a unified framework to estimate SBTC which accounts for factor accumulation (FA) effects, and quantifies the discrepancy (i.e., relative misallocation) between the wage ratio (skilled to unskilled) and the marginal rate of technical substitution (MRTS). The suggested methodology takes advantage of recent develo…